PROSEDURE TEXT

PROSEDURE TEXT

The Definition of Procedure Text Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

Purpose

Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series.

Generic Structure of Procedure

1. Goal: It is contain the purpose of the text. (e.g. : How to make spaghetti)
2. Material or Ingredient: it is contain of the materials that used in the process. (e.g.: the material to cook omelet are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc.)
3. Step: it is contain of the steps to make something in the goal. (e.g.: first, wash the tomatoes, onion, second cut the onions becomes slice. . .)

Types of procedural text:

(1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.

(2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.

(3) Texts that deal with human behavior e.g. how to live happily, how to succeed.

Language Features of Procedure Text

In the Procedure Text, we use 

• Using simple present tense.
• Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)
• Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
• Use of connectives (e.g.: first, then, finally,) 
• Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

EXAMPLE

How to plant chilies

Aim / Goal
Planting chilies is really easy. Not only easy, planting chilies is also useful to get fresh and hygienist chilies from our own garden. My mom plants several chili-plants in my house backyard. She thinks that planting chilies can save some money because the price of chilies in the market is so high.

Martials
Before we plant chilies, we need to prepare several things such as chili seeds, small spade, compost, and vessels. After all tools and materials have been prepared, then we begin to plant some chilies.

Steps
First, get a handful of chili seeds. Make sure you have already dried it under the sunlight. Second, make small hole on the soil by using the small spade and put the seeds on it then close with soil. Make sure to put it on the open area. Next, wait for several day until it come out the sprout. Finally, take the sprout off the soil and put it on the vessel which full of soil and compost. The sprout will grow bigger and yield us some fresh chilies. Make sure to watering the plant regularly. 

How to Make a Milkshake

A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate sauce, or fruit syrup. If you want to make a delicious milkshake by your selves, then this is the way how to make it.

The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:

• 4 cups vanilla ice cream
• 2 cups milk
• 4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
• 1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries

Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.

1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to give you time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the ice cream out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the blender. Blend on high for one minute. Don’t leave in the blender for longer or the shake will melt quickly.
4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending is complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but somehow the straw adds to the flavor and the experience.

If you do not have a blender, you may substitute with a mixer, but be careful as it could be messy. And if you do not have anything else to mix, just use a spoon, but let the ice cream thaw first to make the milkshake easier to mix. Enjoy your milkshake.

POSTED BY: @Chachakouen

CONTOH NARRATIVE TEXT

CONTOH NARRATIVE TEXT BESERTA IDENTIFIKASINYA

Title	The Story of Sangkuriang and Tangkuban Perahu Mountain
Orientation	Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog, his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
Complication	One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home. Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home. Five years later…. Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left several years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son. She couldn't marry him but how to say it.
Resolution	Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day. Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.

Title	Cinderella
Orientation	Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.
Complication	The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear. One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left. “Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother, ”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.
Resolution	Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach. Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son.
Complication	Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind. A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it.
Resolution	In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly. Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.

Title	The smartest animal
Orientation	Once there was a farmer from laos. Every morning and every evening  he ploughed his field with his buffalo.
Complication	One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working. The tiger was suprised to see big animal listening to small animal. He wanted to know more about the buffalo and the man.
Resolution	After the man home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo, “you are so big and strong. Why do you everything the man tells you ?” the buffalo answer, “oh, the man is very intelligent.”
Complication	The tiger asked, “can you tell me how intelligent he is?” “No, I can’t tell you,”said the buffalo “But you can ask him”. So the next day the tiger said to the man, “can see your intelligence?” but the man answered, “it’s a home.” “can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes,” said the man, “But i’m afraid you will kill my buffalo when i’m gone. Can i tie you to a tree?”
Resolution	After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn’t go home to get his intelligent. He took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said, “Now you know about my intelligence even if you haven’t seen it.

REPOSTED BY: @Chachakouen

NARRATIVE TEXT

NARRATIVE TEXT

1.      Definition of Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text which tells something that imaginative. Or it can be said imaginative story.

2.      Purpose of Narrative Text

-To entertain or amuse the reader and listener.

3.      Generic Structure of Narrative Text

Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced. (Person, time, place).

Complication: Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution: Where the problems in the story is solved.

Re-orientation or coda: It is optional. It can be added or not. It depends on the writer. It contains moral or message of the story.

4.      Language Features of Narrative Text

ü  Using past tense

ü  Using adverb of time (Once upon a time, one day, etc.)

ü  Using time conjunction for arrange events (when, then, before, after, soon, suddenly, etc.)

ü  Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, The king Midas, The queen Elsa etc.)

ü  Using past action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (Killed, walked, climbed, turned, brought etc.)

ü  Using adjectives which for noun phrase. (Long black hair, two red apples, etc.)

ü  Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said, “My name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present tense.

5.      Types of Narrative Text

û  Fable

- Simple fable is a story about animal which behave like human or animal characters who speak and act like human beings. For example mousedeer and crocodile, the ants and the grasshopper, the smartest parrot, the story of monkey and crocodile etc.

û  Myths

- Stories that are believed by some people but the stories can’t be true or unreasonable. It was told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief, or natural occurrence. For example the myth of Dewi Sri, the myth story of Aji Saka and Dewata Cengkar, the myth of Malin Kundang etc.

û  Legend

- A legend is a story about the origin of a place or a story which relates to on how a place is formed. For example the legend of Tangkuban Perahu, the legend of Sura dan Baya, the legend of Toba lake etc.

û  Fairy tales

- Story which relate much which magic things. For example Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, Beauty and the beast etc.

û  Science fiction story

- Story which explore the science as the background or plot of the whole story. For example to the moon from the earth by Jules Verne, starship trooper by Robert Heinlein, a space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clark etc.

û  Horror story

- A story in which the focus is on creating a feeling of fear and horror content. For example house of darkness, the dead doll etc.

û  Romance story

- A story with tells of two lovers or more who overcome difficulties to end up together. For example Lockie Leonard human torpedo, love story of Antony and Cleopatra etc.

û  Humor story

- A story is one that aims to make the audience laugh as part of telling story. For example misery guts etc.

POSTED BY: @Chachakouen